I. Pfupiso yeindasitiri
Kunhuhwirira kunoreva zvinonhuwira zvakasiyana-siyana zvechisikigo nezvinonhuwira zvekugadzira sezvinhu zvikuru zvekugadzira, uye pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvekubatsira zvinoenderana nefomura inonzwisisika uye maitiro ekugadzira kunaka kwakati kwemusanganiswa wakaoma, unonyanya kushandiswa mumhando dzese dzezvigadzirwa zvekuravira. Kunhuhwirira izwi rakajairika rezvinhu zvinonaka zvinobviswa kana kuwanikwa nenzira dzekugadzira, uye chikamu chakakosha chemakemikari akanaka. Kunhuhwirira chigadzirwa chakakosha chakabatana zvakanyanya nehupenyu hwevanhu, chinozivikanwa se "industrial monosodium glutamate", zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yechikafu, indasitiri yemakemikari yezuva nezuva, indasitiri yemishonga, indasitiri yefodya, indasitiri yemachira, indasitiri yedehwe nedzimwe indasitiri.
Mumakore achangopfuura, mitemo yakawanda yakaisa zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvekutarisira indasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira, kuchengetedzeka, kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kupatsanurwa kwechikafu. Panyaya yekuchengetedzeka, mutemo uyu unokurudzira "kukurudzira kuvaka sisitimu yemazuva ano yekutonga kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu", uye kusimudzira tekinoroji yekuravira kwechisikigo nekugadzirisa; Panyaya yekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza, mutemo uyu unosimbisa kudiwa kwekuwana "tsika yakasvibirira, yetsika ine kabhoni shoma, yemagariro evanhu", uye kukurudzira kukura kwakarongeka uye kwakachengeteka kweindasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira; Panyaya yekusiyana kwechikafu, mutemo uyu unokurudzira kushandurwa nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yechikafu, nokudaro uchikurudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yepasi yekuravira nekunhuhwirira. Indasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira seindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu zvemakemikari nemakemikari, mamiriro emitemo akaomarara achaita kuti mabhizinesi madiki ane kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza atarisana nekumanikidzwa kukuru, uye mabhizinesi ane mwero wakati uye mitemo yekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza ane mikana yakanaka yekusimudzira.
Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nekuravira nekunhuhwirira zvinosanganisira minti, remoni, rozi, lavender, vetiver nezvimwe zvinomera zvezvinonhuwira, uye musk, ambergris nedzimwe mhuka (zvinonhuwira). Zviri pachena kuti chikamu chepamusoro cheindasitiri yayo chinosanganisira kurima, masango, kurima mhuka nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, dzinosanganisira kudyara, kubereka, sainzi yekurima netekinoroji, kukohwa nekugadzirisa uye zvimwe zvinongedzo zvekutanga. Sezvo manakiro nekunhuhwirira zvichikosha mukudya, zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda, fodya, zvinwiwa, chikafu chemhuka nedzimwe nzvimbo, maindasitiri aya ndiwo ari pasi peindasitiri yemanakiro nekunhuhwirira. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukura kwemaindasitiri aya ari pasi, kudiwa kwemanakiro nekunhuhwirira kuri kuwedzera, uye zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvakaiswa pamberi pezvigadzirwa zvemanakiro nekunhuhwirira.
2. Mamiriro ebudiriro
Nekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika pasi rose (kunyanya nyika dzakabudirira), kufambira mberi kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinodyiwa, zvinodiwa nevanhu pamhando yechikafu nezvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva zviri kuramba zvichikwira, kukura kwemaindasitiri nekukwezva kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kwakurumidzisa kukura kweindasitiri yezvinonhuwira pasi rose. Kune marudzi anopfuura 6,000 ezvigadzirwa zvezvinonhuwira nezvinonaka pasi rose, uye kukura kwemusika kwakawedzera kubva pamadhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemana nerimwe muna 2015 kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe muna 2023, nekukura kwe3.13%.
Kugadzirwa nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira, kunoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwechikafu, zvinwiwa, makemikari ezuva nezuva uye mamwe maindasitiri anotsigira, shanduko dzinokurumidza muindasitiri iri pasi, zvichikonzera kukura kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kweindasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira, mhando dzezvigadzirwa dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera, uye kubuda kuri kuwedzera gore negore. Muna 2023, kugadzirwa kwezvinonhuhwirira nekunhuhwirira muChina kwakasvika matani mamiriyoni 1.371, kuwedzera kwe2.62%, zvichienzaniswa nekugadzirwa muna 2017 kwakawedzera nematani zviuru zana nemakumi maviri nematatu nemazana matatu, uye mwero wekukura kwemakemikari mumakore mashanu apfuura waive pedyo ne1.9%. Panyaya yehukuru hwese hwemusika, munda wezvinonhuhwirira waive nemugove mukuru, uchiita 64.4%, uye zvinonhuwira zvaive 35.6%.
Nekukura kwehupfumi hweChina uye kuvandudzwa kwemararamiro enyika, pamwe nekutamiswa kweindasitiri yekuravira yepasi rose, kudiwa nekuwanikwa kwekuravira muChina kuri kukura munzira mbiri, uye indasitiri yekuravira iri kukura nekukurumidza uye chiyero chemusika chiri kuramba chichiwedzera. Mushure memakore ekukura nekukurumidza, indasitiri yekuravira yemuno yakapedzawo zvishoma nezvishoma shanduko kubva pakugadzira mashopu madiki kuenda kukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kubva pakutevedzera zvigadzirwa kusvika pakutsvagisa nekugadzira zvakazvimiririra, kubva pamidziyo inopinzwa kunze kwenyika kusvika pakugadzira nekugadzira michina yehunyanzvi yakazvimirira, kubva pakuongorora kwekunzwa kusvika pakushandiswa kwekuyedza kwezvishandiso zvakanyatsonaka, kubva pakuisa vashandi vehunyanzvi kusvika pakudzidziswa kwevashandi vehunyanzvi vakazvimiririra, kubva pakuunganidza zviwanikwa zvemusango kusvika pakuunzwa nekurima uye kugadzwa kwezvigadziko. Indasitiri yekugadzira kuravira yemuno yakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuita sisitimu yakakwana yeindasitiri. Muna 2023, chiyero chemusika wekuravira nekunhuhwirira weChina chakasvika mabhiriyoni 71.322 yuan, iyo mugove wemusika wekuravira wakaita 61%, uye zvinonhuwira zvakaita 39%.
3. Mamiriro emakwikwi
Parizvino, mafambiro ekukura kweindasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira muChina ari pachena. China ndiyo zvakare inogadzira zvakanyanya kunaka nekunhuhwirira kwechisikigo pasi rose. Kazhinji, indasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira muChina yakura nekukurumidza uye yafambira mberi zvikuru, uye mamwe makambani akazvimirira anotungamira mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva akabudawo. Parizvino, makambani makuru muindasitiri yekuravira nekunhuhwirira muChina ndiJiaxing Zhonghua Chemical Co., LTD., Huabao International Holdings Co., LTD., China Bolton Group Co., LTD., Aipu Fragrance Group Co., LTD.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Bolton Group yakashandisa nesimba hurongwa hwekuvandudza hune hunyanzvi, kuwedzera mari mukutsvaga nekuvandudza sainzi netekinoroji, kuramba ichishanda muhunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvinonhuhwirira, kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, kugadzira zvirimwa zvechisikigo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzesainzi netekinoroji, ushingi hwekuisa nekuronga mepu yekuvandudza, kuvaka makwikwi makuru ebhizinesi, kuwedzera maindasitiri ari kubuda mune ramangwana akadai sebiotechnology, fodya dzemagetsi, zvekurapa nezvehutano, uye kuvaka hwaro hwakasimba hwekuumbwa kwenheyo yekare. Muna 2023, mari yese yeBolton Group yaive 2.352 bhiriyoni yuan, kuwedzera kwe2.89%.
4. Mafambiro ebudiriro
Kwenguva yakareba, kuwanikwa nekudiwa kwezvinonaka nezvinonhuwira kwave kuchitongwa neWestern Europe, United States, Japan nedzimwe nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba. Asi United States, Germany, France neUnited Kingdom, dzine misika yemuno yatokura, dzinofanira kuvimba nenyika dziri kusimukira kuti dziwedzere zvirongwa zvadzo zvekudyara mari uye dzirambe dzichikwikwidzana. Mumusika wepasi rose wezvinonaka nezvinonhuwira, nyika dzepasi rese nenzvimbo dzakadai seAsia, Oceania neSouth America dzave nzvimbo huru dzemakwikwi emabhizinesi makuru. Kudiwa kwakanyanya munzvimbo yeAsia-Pacific, iyo iri pamusoro peavhareji yekukura kwepasi rose.
1, kudiwa kwezvinonhuhwirira pasi rose kucharamba kuchikura. Kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu eindasitiri yezvinonhuhwirira pasi rose mumakore achangopfuura, kudiwa kwezvinonhuhwirira pasi rose kuri kukura neanosvika 5% pagore. Tichifunga nezvekufambira mberi kwakanaka kuri kuita indasitiri yezvinonhuhwirira nezvinonhuhwirira, kunyangwe kufambira mberi kweindasitiri yezvinonhuhwirira munyika zhinji dzakabudirira kuri kunonoka, mukana wemusika wenyika dzichiri kusimukira uchiri mukuru, indasitiri yekugadzira chikafu nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvevatengi iri kuramba ichikura, zvigadzirwa zvenyika nemari inowanikwa nevanhu zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera, uye mari yekudyara pasi rose iri kushanda, zvinhu izvi zvichawedzera kudiwa kwezvinonhuhwirira pasi rose.
2. Nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzine mikana yakakura yekubudirira. Kwenguva yakareba, kuwanikwa nekudiwa kwezvinonaka nezvinonhuhwirira kwave kuchitongwa neWestern Europe, United States, Japan nedzimwe nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, United States, Germany, France neUnited Kingdom, dzine misika yemuno yatokura, dzinofanira kuvimba nemisika mikuru munyika dziri kusimukira kuti dziwedzere mapurojekiti ekudyara mari uye dzirambe dzichikwikwidzana. Mumusika wepasi rose wezvinonaka nezvinonhuhwirira, nyika dzepasi rese nenzvimbo dzakadai seAsia, Oceania neSouth America dzave nzvimbo huru dzemakwikwi emakambani makuru. Kudiwa kwakanyanya mudunhu reAsia-Pacific.
3, makambani epasi rose ekuravira nekunhuhwirira kuwedzera munda wekuravira nekunhuhwirira kwefodya. Nekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yepasi rose yefodya, kuumbwa kwemakambani makuru, uye kuvandudzwa kwemapoka efodya, kudiwa kwekuravira nekunhuhwirira kwefodya yemhando yepamusoro kuri kuwedzerawo. Nzvimbo yekuvandudza kuravira nekunhuhwirira kwefodya iri kuvhurwa zvakare, uye makambani epasi rose ekuravira nekunhuhwirira acharamba achikura kusvika mumunda wekuravira nekunhuhwirira kwefodya mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-05-2024