Mhando uye kupatsanurwa kwechikafu chinonaka uye kunhuhwirira

1.Kusiyana kwezvokudya zvinonaka uye kunhuhwirira
Iyo chikamu chekunaka kwechikafu idiki kwazvo, asi inoda kuita imwe chengetedzo uye yehutano ongororo, uye inogona kushandiswa chete mushure mekusangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano hwakakodzera mitemo.Kune akawanda marudzi echikafu chinonaka, chakakamurwa kuita chakasimba uye chinwiwa zvichienderana nedosage fomu.Solid flavour ine microcapsule flavour uye zvichingodaro.Liquid flavour inogona kukamurwa kuita zvinonyungudika mumvura, mafuta-anonyungudika maflavour uye emulsified flavour.Mukuwedzera, inogonawo kugoverwa nekunaka uye kushandiswa.
Microcapsule flavour inogadzirwa neflavour uye coating agents (senge yakagadziridzwa starch, nezvimwewo) kuburikidza ne emulsification uye pfapfaidzo kuomeswa, iyo ine hunhu hwekudzivirira oxidation uye kurasika kurasikirwa, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kuwedzera flavour kune zvinwiwa zvakasimba uye seasonings.Mvura-inonyungudika essence inogadzirwa nemvura yakasvibiswa kana ethanol sezvinonhuhwira uye zvinodyiwa zvinonhuhwirira, zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvinwiwa zvinyoro uye kumwe kunhuwirira.Oiri-soluble flavour inogadzirwa nekusanganisa propylene glycol nekunaka kwechikafu, nezvimwewo, inonyanya kushandiswa kutapira zvihwitsi nemakuki.Emulsifying essence chikamu chemafuta chinoumbwa nekunhuhwirira kwechikafu, mafuta echikafu, chaiwo giravhiti regulator, antioxidants, kuchengetedza, nezvimwewo, uye chikamu chemvura chinoumbwa nemaemulsifiers, colorants, preservatives, thickeners, sour agents uye distilled mvura, nezvimwewo, yakagadzirwa ne emulsification uye yakanyanya kudzvanywa homogenization, inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvinwiwa zvinyoro uye zvinwiwa zvinotonhora, kuwedzera flavour, coloring kana turbidity.

2.Zvikamu zvezvokudya zvinonaka uye kunhuhwirira
Chikafu chinonaka chinhu chakakosha chekuwedzera chikafu muindasitiri yechikafu.Muzvokudya zvinowedzera ndiwo muviri wayo, kune marudzi anopfuura chiuru.Flavour marudzi anogona kukamurwa kuva:
(1) Kunaka kwechisikigo.Icho chinhu chakasikwa zvachose chakatorwa kubva mumiti yepanyama nemhuka (zvinonhuwira) nenzira dzepanyama.Kazhinji, vatakuri vezvinhu zvinonhuhwirira zvechisikigo vanogona kuwanikwa kubva mumichero, nhengo dzemhuka, mashizha, tii nembeu.Iyo nzira dzekubvisa ndeyekubvisa, distillation uye kutarisisa.Vanilla extract, cocoa extract, sitiroberi inotorwa uye zvichingodaro inogona kuwanikwa nenzira yekubvisa.Peppermint mafuta, fennel mafuta, sinamoni (osmanthus) mafuta, mafuta eucalyptus anogona kuwanikwa ne distillation.Orange mafuta, remoni mafuta uye citrus mafuta anogona kuwanikwa ne distillation.Apple muto concentrate, mango concentrate, orange juice concentrate uye zvichingodaro zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira yekufungisisa.Munyika mune zvinodarika 5 000 zvekushandisa izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvokudya zvinonaka, uye zvinopfuura 1 500 zvinowanzoshandiswa.
(2) Natural identity flavour.Rudzi urwu rwekunhuhwirira runowanikwa nekurapwa kwekemikari yezvinhu zvakasikwa mbishi kana kuti artificial synthesis uye zvechisikigo zvinonaka zvinhu zvakafanana zvekemikari.
(3) Synthetic flavour.Iyo inowanikwa neyakagadzirwa synthesis uye mamwe maitiro emakemikari uye haina kusimbiswa kuti echisikigo kemikari mamorekuru echinhu.Kana ikawanikwa muzvisikwa uye ichitonga mamwe makemikoro emakemikari, zvakaenzana nekunaka kwechisikigo.Chero bedzi paine mbishi mune essence is synthetic, kureva, artificial synthetic essence.
⑷ Kunhuhwirira kwakagadzirirwa ne microbial nzira.Icho chinhu chinowanikwa ne microbial fermentation kana enzymatic reaction.
(5) Reactive essence.Rudzi urwu rwekunhuhwirira runobva kuMallard maitiro ekupisa mapuroteni uye kuderedza shuga, uye anowanzoshandiswa munyama, chokoreti, kofi, kunhuhwirira kwemalt.

Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemhando yekunhuhwirira, kunaka kwechikafu kunosanganisira: kunhuhwirira kwemvura (inonyungudika mumvura, inonyungudika nemafuta, emulsifying), iyo inonhuhwirira inosvika 10% -20%, solvent (mvura, propylene glycol, nezvimwewo) yakaverengerwa. kwe80% -90%;Emulsion flavour, kusanganisira solvent, emulsifier, glue, stabilizer, pigment, acid uye antioxidant, 80% --90%;Powder flavour, umo kunhuhwirira kwaiita 10% -20%, mutakuri akaverengera 80% -90%.

Kuvandudzwa kwehupfu hwekunhuhwirira kunokurumidza, uye ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa muzvinwiwa, snacks, zvakabikwa uye zvichingodaro.Kune marudzi matatu ehupfu zvinonaka zvinowanzoshandiswa:
(1) Hupfu hwehupfu nenzira yekusanganisa: zvinhu zvakati wandei zvehupfu zvinosanganiswa, senge zvishanu-spice poda, curry poda, nezvimwewo;Zvizhinji zvezvinonhuhwira izvi zvinobva mumiti inonhuwira, uye mukugadzirira nyama inonaka;Vanilla hupfu, vanillin, nezvimwewo, zvakare hupfu hwehupfu nenzira yekusanganisa.
(2) Powder flavour muchimiro cheadsorption: iyo essence yakanyanyisa adsorbed pamusoro peiyo inotakura, uye kuumbwa kweiyi flavour kunofanirwa kuve nekushomeka kwakadzika;Yakasiyana-siyana nyama inonhuwira kazhinji yehupfu flavour mune adsorbed fomu.
(3) Iyo yekubikira fomu ye microcapsule poda flavour ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa poda flavour muindasitiri yechikafu nhasi.
Iyo microgelatinization yekuravira inzira yakakosha yekurongedza, yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kuchengetedza, kunonoka kuburitsa uye kurapa kwemvura yekuravira, chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuchengeta yekunhuwirira kwepakutanga kwenguva yakareba, uye kuchengetedza zvirinani kunhuhwirira kudzivirira kuparara kwekunaka kunokonzerwa ne. oxidation nezvimwe zvinhu.
Izvi zvine kukosha kwakakosha uye kuita kwakafara kune mamwe maflavour ehupfu mumashandisirwo eindasitiri yechikafu.Nenguva pfupi seinotevera: yechinyakare chakasimba chinwiwa kugadzirwa kazhinji inoshandisa kupfapfaidza kuomesa nzira, vacuum yekuomesa nzira uye yekubikira yekuomesa nzira kugadzira, maitiro ekugadzira anoshandisa kunhuhwirira kwemvura, inoda kudziya kubvisa chinonyungudutsa, kunaka kwechigadzirwa kunokanganiswa.

Dry powder mixing method inoshandiswa mukugadzira chinwiwa chakasimba.Mukugadzira, dzakasiyana siyana dzehupfu zvinosanganiswa zvakananga ne microgel poda essence, pasina kudziyisa, uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa kunoramba kusingachinji.Kushandiswa kwe microgel granule powder flavoring yezvinwiwa zvakasimba zviri nyore kushanda, zviri nyore kusanganisa zvakaenzana, hazviwedzere kutonhora kwezvigadzirwa zvinonaka, zvigadzirwa zvinochengetedza hupfu hwepakutanga, uye hazvizoshanduki ruvara muzvigadzirwa zveshuga chena.
Nemhaka yokuti zvikamu zvekunhuhwirira zvakaputirwa mu capsule, kurasikirwa kwevolatilization kunodzivirirwa, nokudaro kuwedzera nguva yekuchengetedza.Izvo zvinonhuhwirira zvikamu zvakaparadzaniswa kubva munzvimbo yakatenderedza kudzivirira mukana wekuipa kwekunaka nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita seoxidation, nekudaro ichiwedzera zvakanyanya nguva yekuchengetedza yechigadzirwa.Iko kushandiswa kwemvura inonhuwira yekunhuhwirira kwekushanda hakusi nyore, hakusi nyore kusanganisa zvakaenzana, kuwedzera mvura yemukati yezvinonhuhwira zvigadzirwa, kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chive nyore kugadzira keke chiitiko, mune chena zvigadzirwa zveshuga zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoshanduka yero, flavour inogona kungove. yakawedzerwa pamusoro, yakavhenekerwa panzvimbo zvichikonzera kukurumidza kushanduka, chengetedza nguva yekunhuhwirira ipfupi, nzvimbo yakakura yekunhuhwirira inosangana nemhepo, inotapukirwa neoxidation, inosimudzira kuparara kwekunaka, kupfupika kwekuchengetedza nguva.