Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye kupatsanurwa kwekuravira nekunhuhwirira kwechikafu

1. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinonaka uye hwema hwechikafu
Chikamu chezvinonaka zvekudya chishoma kwazvo, asi chinofanira kuitwa nekuongorora kuchengetedzeka uye hutano, uye chinogona kushandiswa chete mushure mekuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemitemo yehutano. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinonaka zvekudya, zvakakamurwa kuita zvikukutu uye zvinwiwa zvichienderana nechimiro chemuyero. Kunaka kwakasimba kune kunaka kwe microcapsule nezvimwewo. Zvinonaka zvemvura zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvinonaka zvinonyunguduka mumvura, zvinonaka zvinonyunguduka mumafuta uye zvinonaka zvakasanganiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinogonawo kupatsanurwa nezvinonaka uye mashandisirwo.
Kuravira kwe microcapsule kunogadzirwa nezvinonaka uye zvinofukidza (zvakaita se starch yakagadziriswa, nezvimwewo) kuburikidza ne emulsification uye spray drying, izvo zvine hunhu hwekudzivirira kurasikirwa kwe oxidation uye volatilization, uye zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuwedzera kunaka kune zvinwiwa zvakasimba uye zvinonhuhwirira. Essence inonyungudika mumvura inogadzirwa nemvura yakasanganiswa kana ethanol sezvinonhuwira zvinonyungudika uye zvinodyiwa, zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvinwiwa zvisina kupfava nezvimwe zvinonhuhwirira. Kuravira kunonyungudika mumafuta kunogadzirwa nekusanganisa propylene glycol nekuravira kwechikafu, nezvimwewo, zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakuita kuti masiwiti nemakuki atapire. Emulsifying essence chikamu chemafuta chinoumbwa nekuravira kwechikafu, mafuta echikafu, zvinodzora gravity chaiyo, antioxidants, zvinochengetedza, nezvimwewo, uye chikamu chemvura chinoumbwa ne emulsifiers, colorants, preservatives, thickeners, sour agents uye distilled water, nezvimwewo, zvinogadzirwa ne emulsification uye high pressure homogenization, zvinonyanya kushandiswa kune zvinwiwa zvisina kupfava nezvinwiwa zvinotonhora, kuwedzera kunaka, coloring kana turbidity.

2. Kupatsanurwa kwekuravira uye kunhuhwirira kwechikafu
Kunaka kwechikafu chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yechikafu. Muzvinowedzera chikafu muviri wazvo, kune marudzi anopfuura chiuru. Mhando dzezvinonaka dzinogona kukamurwa kuita:
(1) Kunaka kwechisikigo. Chinhu chechisikigo chinotorwa kubva mumiti nemhuka (zvinonhuwira) nenzira dzepanyama. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvinotakura hwema hwechisikigo zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva mumichero, nhengo dzemhuka, mashizha, tii nembeu. Nzira dzekubvisa ndedzekubvisa, kudiridza uye kusanganisa. Vanilla extract, cocoa extract, strawberry extract nezvimwewo zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira yekubvisa. Peppermint oil, fennel oil, cinnamon (osmanthus) oil, eucalyptus oil zvinogona kuwanikwa nekudiridza. Oil yeorenji, lemon oil necitrus oil zvinogona kuwanikwa nekudiridza. Apple juice concentrate, mango concentrate, orange juice concentrate nezvimwewo zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira yekuisa. Kune zvinhu zvinopfuura 5,000 zvinogona kubvisa kunaka kwechikafu pasi rose, uye zvinopfuura 1,500 zvinowanzo shandiswa.
(2) Kunaka kwechisikigo. Rudzi urwu rwekunaka runowanikwa nekushandisa makemikari ekugadzira zvinhu zvakasikwa kana kugadzira zvinhu zvekugadzira uye zvinhu zvechisikigo zvakafanana nemakemikari.
(3) Kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa nedzimwe nzira dzemakemikari uye hazvina kusimbiswa kuti mamorekuru emakemikari echisikigo aya ndiwo mamorekuru emakemikari akafanana. Kana akawanikwa muzvisikwa uye achitonga mamorekuru emakemikari akafanana, akaenzana nekunaka kwechisikigo. Chero bedzi paine chinhu chisina kugayiwa muchinhu ichi, ndiko kuti, chinhu chisina kugayiwa chechigadzirwa.
⑷ Kunaka kunogadzirwa nenzira yehutachiona. Chinhu chinowanikwa nekuvirisa kwehutachiona kana kuita enzyme.
(5) Reactive essence. Rudzi urwu rwekunaka runobva mukuita kweMaillard kwekupisa mapuroteni nekuderedza shuga, uye runowanzo shandiswa munyama, chokoreti, kofi, uye kunhuhwirira kwemumera.

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekupatsanurwa kwezvinonaka, zvinonaka zvekudya zvinosanganisira: zvinonaka zvemvura (zvinonyungudika mumvura, zvinonyungudika mumafuta, zvinosanganisa), izvo zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira zvakaita 10%-20%, zvinonyungudika (mvura, propylene glycol, nezvimwewo) zvakaita 80%-90%; Kunhuhwirira kweEmulsion, kusanganisira zvinonyungudika, emulsifier, glue, stabilizer, pigment, acid uye antioxidant, 80%--90%; Kunhuhwirira kweupfu, umo zvinonhuhwirira zvakaita 10%-20%, zvinotakura zvakaita 80%-90%.

Kukura kwekunaka kwehupfu kunokurumidza, uye kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa muzvinwiwa, zvekudya zvidiki, zvinhu zvakabikwa nezvimwewo. Kune mhando nhatu dzehupfu hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya:
(1) Kunaka kweupfu muchimiro chekusanganisa: zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonaka zveupfu zvinosanganiswa, zvakaita seupfu hwezvinonhuwira zvishanu, upfu hwecurry, nezvimwewo; Huwandu hwezvinonhuwira izvi hunobva muzvinonhuwira zvezvirimwa zvechisikigo, uye mukugadzira manakiro enyama; Upfu hwevanilla, vanillin, nezvimwewo, zvakare manakiro eupfu muchimiro chekusanganisa.
(2) Kunaka kweupfu muchimiro chekunyungudutsa: chinhu chacho chinonyungudutsa zvakanyanya pamusoro pechinhu chinonyungudutsa, uye chimiro chekunhuhwirira uku chinofanira kunge chisina kusimba zvakanyanya; Kunaka kwakasiyana-siyana kwenyama kunowanzova kunaka kweupfu muchimiro chekunyungudutsa.
(3) Rudzi rwekuputira rwe microcapsule powder flavour ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yezvekudya nhasi.
Kugadzira flavour mu microgelatinization inzira yakakosha yekurongedza, kuparadzanisa, kuchengetedza, kuburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kugadzika kweflavour mumvura, chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuchengetedza flavour yekutanga kwenguva yakareba, uye kuchengetedza flavour zviri nani kudzivirira kuora kweflavour kunokonzerwa ne oxidation nezvimwe zvinhu.
Izvi zvakakosha uye zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kune mamwe manufa ehupfu mukushandiswa kweindasitiri yechikafu. Muchidimbu: kugadzirwa kwezvinwiwa zvakasimba zvechinyakare kunonyanya kushandisa nzira yekuomesa nepfapfaidzo, nzira yekuomesa ne vacuum uye nzira yekuomesa nekubikisa, maitiro ekugadzira anoshandisa manakiro emvura, anoda kupiswa kuti abvise solvent, kunaka kwechigadzirwa kuchakanganiswa.

Nzira yekusanganisa hupfu hwakaoma inoshandiswa mukugadzira chinwiwa chakasimba. Mukugadzirwa kwacho, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfu zvinosanganiswa zvakananga ne microgel powder essence, pasina kupisa, uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa kunoramba kusina kuchinja. Kushandiswa kwe microgel granule powder flavouring yezvinwiwa zvakasimba kuri nyore kushandisa, kuri nyore kusanganisa zvakaenzana, hakuwedzere tembiricha yezvigadzirwa zvinonaka, zvigadzirwa zvinochengetedza hupfu hwepakutanga, uye hazvizochinji ruvara muzvigadzirwa zvichena zvine shuga.
Nekuti zvikamu zvekunhuhwirira zvakavharirwa mukapuleti, kurasikirwa nekushanduka kwemhepo kunodziviswa, nokudaro nguva yekuchengetedza inowedzera. Zvikamu zvekunhuhwirira zvakaparadzaniswa kubva munzvimbo yakapoteredza kudzivirira mukana wekuora kwekunaka nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita se oxidation, nokudaro zvichiwedzera nguva yekuchengetedza kwechigadzirwa. Kushandisa kunhuhwirira kwemvura hakusi nyore, hazvisi nyore kusanganisa zvakaenzana, kuwedzera huwandu hwemvura muzvigadzirwa zvekunhuhwirira, kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chive nyore kugadzira chiitiko chekuchekerera, muzvigadzirwa zvichena zvine shuga zvichachinja zvishoma nezvishoma, kunaka kunogona kuwedzerwa pamusoro chete, kuchiratidzwa munzvimbo zvichikonzera kukurumidza kushanduka kwemhepo, kuchengetedza nguva yekunhuhwirira iri pfupi, nzvimbo yakakura yekunhuhwirira inosangana nemhepo, inogona kuoxidation, inokurudzira kuora kwekunaka, uye nguva pfupi yekuchengetedza.